July, 3, 2020 Retelling a conversation	
Conversation A: In the present tense	
Mike: Hey dude, what’s up? I hear you have a new job. How’s it going?
Adam: Pretty well, so far. I have a lot to learn, but the people are nice, and there’s not too much pressure.
Mike: What do you do?
Adam: Basically, I’m learning the ropes of management, studying the history of the company so I know how everything works.
Mike: That’s great! I hope it all works out for you.

Mike (retelling the conversation): I asked Adam what was up and told him that I heard he had a new job. I asked him how it was going. He told me that it was going pretty well, so far. He said that he had a lot to learn but that the people were nice and that there wasn’t too much pressure. Then I asked him what he did. He answered that basically he was learning the ropes of management and studying the history of the company so that he knew how everything worked. Then I told him that that was great and that I hoped it worked out for him.	
Conversation B: In the present perfect tense	
Renee: Have you eaten yet?
Emily: No, but I’ve already bought my lunch. Want to join me in the park?
Renee: Thanks, but I’ve made a reservation for two at Kincaid’s Restaurant. Have you ever eaten there?
Emily: Yes, I’ve been there several times. It’s great!

Renee (retelling the conversation): I asked Emily if she had eaten yet, and she told me that she had already bought her lunch. She asked me if I wanted to join her in the park, but I told her that I had made a reservation for two at Kincaid’s Restaurant. Then I asked her if she had ever eaten there, and she told me yes, that she had been there several times. She said it was great.	
Conversation C: In the past tense	
Jason: Where were you last night? We missed you at the party.
Gina: Oh, I had to go to my sister’s house. They called her from the hospital at the last minute and asked her to work the night shift, so I went over to babysit for her kids. I ended up spending the night at her place.

Jason (retelling the conversation): I asked Gina where she had been the night before and told her that we had missed her at the party. She said that she had had to go to her sister’s house—that they had called her sister from the hospital at the last minute and had asked her to work the night shift, so she had gone over to babysit for her kids. She said she had ended up spending the night at her sister’s place.

Less formal:
Jason (retelling the conversation): I asked Gina where she was the night before and told her that we missed her at the party. She said that she had to go to her sister’s house—that they called her sister from the hospital at the last minute and asked her to work the night shift, so she went over to babysit for her kids. She said she ended up spending the night at her sister’s place.	
Conversation D: In future tenses	
Ben: Hi, Jeremy. What are you guys doing tonight? I’m kind of at a loose end since I broke up with Sydney.
Jeremy: Join us, then—we’re going to hang out downtown—probably go to several places. Are you up for that?
Ben: Definitely. Where should I meet you? Better still, can you give me a ride?
Jeremy: Glad to. I’ll pick you up at your place at 9:30. OK?
Ben: Perfect. I’ll look out for you.

Ben (retelling the conversation): I said hi to Jeremy and asked him what he and the other guys were doing that night. I told him that I had been kind of at a loose end ever since I broke up with Sydney. He told me to join them and said that they were going to hang out downtown—probably go to several places. He asked me if I was up for that. I said that I definitely was and asked him where I should meet them. Then I told him that it would be even better if he could give me a ride. He said he would be glad to and told me that he would pick me up at my place at 9:30. He asked me if that would be OK. I said that it would be perfect and that I would look out for him.	
Improving your conversation	
Using the present perfect tense
The present perfect tense is used to indicate experience that relates to the present time.
The present perfect tense is formed by a conjugation of the verb have followed by the past participle form of the main verb.
The present perfect tense используется для описания опыта, имеющего отношение к настоящему времени.
The present perfect tense образуется путем соединения глагола have и причастия прошедшего времени основного глагола.	
Adverbs using in The present perfect tense:
already-уже
yet- пока, еще
not yet- еще нет
so far- пока, до сих пор, до настоящего времени
ever- когда-либо	
Direct and indirect discourse	
A retold conversation is also called indirect discourse. Verbs that indicate what someone communicates to another include say, tell, indicate, explain, shout, yell, complain, cry, whisper, promise, and others. There are certain patterns for indirect discourse.
Пересказанную беседу также называют косвенной речью. Глаголы, которые указывают, что кто-то общается с другим, включают: сказать, рассказывать, объяснить, кричать, орать, жаловаться, плакать, шептать, обещать и другие. Существуют определенные модели передачи косвенной речи:	
Pattern 1: Present tense + any other tense (настоящее время+ любое другое время)	
When the communicating verb is in the present tense, the second verb is in its normal tense. This
indicates that the speaker continues to affirm belief in what follows.
Когда коммуникативный глагол находится в настоящем времени, второй глагол остается в своем времени, которое было у него в прямой речи. Это свидетельствует о том, что оратор по-прежнему убежден в том, о чем говорит.
Joe: I buy French bread and cheese every Sunday morning.
Joe says (that) he buys French bread and cheese every Sunday morning.
Joe: I have bought French bread every Sunday morning for five years.
Joe says (that) he has bought French bread every Sunday morning for five years.
Joe: I bought French bread last Sunday.
Joe says (that) he bought French bread last Sunday.
Joe: I will buy French bread next Sunday.
Joe says (that) he will buy French bread next Sunday.	
Pattern 2: Past tense + a previous tense	
When the communicating verb is in the past tense, the second verb is in a previous tense, as
follows: 
Когда коммуникативный глагол находится в прошедшем времени, второй глагол находится в предшествующем времени по схеме:
present → past                   
Note that the meaning is still in present time.
present → past   
Обратите внимание на то, что значение предложения все еще в настоящем времени              
Joe: I buy French bread and cheese every Sunday morning.
Joe said (that) he bought French bread and cheese every Sunday morning.
(Joe buys French bread and cheese every Sunday morning).

present perfect → past perfect
Joe: I have bought French bread every Sunday morning for five years.
Joe said (that) he had bought French bread every Sunday morning for five years.
past → past perfect
Joe: I bought French bread last Sunday.
Joe said (that) he had bought French bread last Sunday.
future → conditional
Joe: I will buy French bread next Sunday.
Joe said (that) he would buy French bread next Sunday.

Indirect yes-or-no questions use pattern 2 plus the word if. (для передачи общих вопросов в косвенной речи используйте 2ую модель и слово  if -если)

Maria: Are you going out?
Maria asked me if I was going out.
Ben: Have you bought the bread?
Ben asked if I had bought the bread.
Ben: Did you buy the wine?
Ben asked if I had bought the wine.
Ben: Will you bring the wine next Sunday?
Ben asked if I would bring the wine next Sunday.	
Indirect information questions use pattern 2 plus the appropriate question word (who/when/
where/why/what/how/etc.). для передачи специальных вопросов в косвенной речи используйте 2ую модель и одно из вопросительных слов who/when/where/why/what/how/etc.-кто/где/почему и т.д.)

Alex: What time does the movie start?
Alex asked me what time the movie started.
Kevin: What have you done?
Kevin asked me what I had done.
Cathy: Where did they go?
Cathy asked her where they had gone.
Charles: How long will the surgery take?
Charles asked how long the surgery would take.	
collocations 	explanation	
Dude- чувак
	Dude is a very informal way to address a male friend.
Hey, dude—what’s up	
How’s it going? - как дела?	How’s it going? is an informal greeting. It’s often answered with pretty well.
Hi, Ethan. How’s it going?
Pretty well, thanks. How are you?	
At the last minute- в последний момент	At the last minute indicates that something happened immediately before it was too late.
The man picked up his tickets at the last minute—just before the show started.	
Pressure- давление
	Pressure refers to the stress of responsibility people feel when too many things are expected of them at the same time.
It’s hard to ever relax. I have so much pressure at work—and with two small children, there’s
pressure at home, too.	
Learning the ropes- досконально узнать, как делать что-либо
	To be learning the ropes means to be getting acquainted with a new job or routine.
There’s a lot of pressure at first, but once you learn the ropes, you’ll be fine.	
At a loose end- не у дел
	To be at a loose end means to temporarily not have anything to do or not know what to do.
Would you like me to paint your room? I’m at a bit of a loose end.	
End up - оказаться
	To end up means to find one’s self doing something unplanned or in an unexpected situation.
I fell asleep on the train and ended up in New Jersey. She worked here as a temporary secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.	
Babysit- нянчиться
	To babysit means to take care of or look after someone else’s children.
She makes extra money babysitting on weekends. Will you take care of the baby for a couple of hours? I hope you can look after the kids while I go to the store.	
Give someone a ride- подвезти кого-то
	To give someone a ride means to offer to take someone somewhere in your car or other vehicle. I see you missed the bus. If you like, I’ll give you a ride home.	
Pick up - забрать, взять, подобрать
	To pick up means to go in a vehicle to where someone is waiting, for the purpose of giving him or her a ride.
I’ll be glad to give you a ride. I’ll pick you up in front of the school.	
Exercise 1. Circle the word or expression that best completes each of the following sentences.

1. You were here yesterday? Then you’ve seen the new office________________________!
a. already b. yet c. ever d. so far
2. Have you __________________________eaten at M Zapp’s restaurant?
a. already b. yet c. ever d. so far
3. No, I haven’t been there ________________________.
a. already b. yet c. ever d. so far
4. You have to take five tests? How many have you taken _____________________?
a. already b. yet c. ever d. so far
5. She has never,_________________________ , taken a bribe.
a. already b. yet c. ever d. so far
6. My mom can’t wait to get here. She hasn’t seen the baby______________________ .
a. already b. yet c. ever d. so far
7. Don’t worry about the tickets. I’ve____________________ bought them.
a. already b. yet c. ever d. so far
8. Tell me, have my packages arrived ______________________?
a. already  b. yet  c. ever d. so far	
Exercise 2. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word or expression explained in this chapter.

1. We were going to leave without him, but he arrived ________________________, thank
goodness.
2. This is our receptionist’s first day on the job, so she’s just ______________________.
3. Listen,______________________, my car broke down, so I don’t think I can________________
home this afternoon.
4. I had to leave that company because I was under too much_______________________ .
5. I was_____________________, so I decided to call up my old friend and invite him over.
6. Hey, dude,______________________ ?
7. The kids are sick, so we won’t need you to ______________________tonight.
8. Every time I take on a new project, I_______________________ doing it full-time.
	
Exercise 3. Change the following direct quotes to indirect discourse.

1. Scott: I’m leaving for the beach tomorrow.
Scott said ______________________.
2. Eric: The train always arrives on time.
Eric said _______________________.
3. Adam: We have already eaten lunch.
Adam said ______________________.
4. Jack: The plane took off at 9:15.
Jack said ________________________.
5. Val: We’ll be there in about five minutes.
Val said _________________________.	
Exercise 4. Change the following questions from direct discourse to indirect discourse.

1. My neighbor: Do you have a shovel I can borrow? 
My neighbor asked me__________________.
2. Jan: Will you help me with these packages?
Jan asked the man _____________________.
3. Laura: What movie are you going to see?
Laura asked us _______________________.
4. Thomas: Why did you call?
Thomas asked him _____________________.
5. Renee: Who are you talking to?
Renee asked her _______________________.
6. Mike: How far is it?
Mike asked ___________________________.
7. Jason: Do you speak English?
Jason asked him________________________.
	
Все материалы из  книги "English Conversation " by J. Yates